Ilmuwan identifikasi sirkuit otak untuk transisi nyeri kronis

Para peneliti di University of Colorado Boulder telah menentukan wilayah otak yang disebut caudal granular insular cortex, atau CGIC, yang berperan sebagai sakelar pengubah nyeri akut menjadi nyeri kronis. Dalam studi pada hewan, menonaktifkan sirkuit ini mencegah berkembangnya nyeri kronis atau memulihkannya setelah nyeri tersebut terbentuk. Temuan yang dipublikasikan dalam Journal of Neuroscience ini membuka jalan bagi pengobatan baru di luar opioid.

Tim yang dipimpin oleh Linda Watkins, seorang profesor terkemuka bidang neurosains perilaku di University of Colorado Boulder, mempelajari CGIC pada tikus dengan cedera saraf skiatik. Mereka menggunakan metode kemogenetik canggih dan protein fluoresen untuk melacak serta membungkam neuron tertentu. Mematikan jalur CGIC menghentikan sinyal nyeri agar tidak terus berlanjut setelah cedera sembuh, sehingga menghilangkan gejala seperti alodinia, yaitu kondisi di mana sentuhan ringan terasa menyakitkan. Watkins menyatakan, 'Jika pengambil keputusan krusial ini dibungkam, nyeri kronis tidak akan terjadi. Jika nyeri sudah berlangsung, nyeri kronis tersebut akan hilang.'

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