Cientistas identificam circuito cerebral responsável pela transição para a dor crônica

Pesquisadores da Universidade do Colorado em Boulder localizaram uma região do cérebro chamada córtex insular granular caudal, ou CGIC, que atua como um interruptor que transforma dor aguda em dor crônica. Em estudos com animais, desativar esse circuito impediu o desenvolvimento da dor crônica ou a reverteu após sua instalação. As descobertas, publicadas no Journal of Neuroscience, abrem caminho para novos tratamentos além dos opioides.

Uma equipe liderada por Linda Watkins, professora distinta de neurociência comportamental na Universidade do Colorado em Boulder, estudou o CGIC em ratos com lesões no nervo ciático. Eles utilizaram métodos quimiogenéticos avançados e proteínas fluorescentes para rastrear e silenciar neurônios específicos. Desativar a via do CGIC impediu que os sinais de dor persistissem após a cicatrização da lesão, eliminando sintomas como a alodinia, condição na qual um toque leve torna-se doloroso. Watkins afirmou: 'Se esse decisor crucial for silenciado, a dor crônica não ocorre. Se ela já estiver presente, a dor crônica desaparece'.

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