Exercício é tratamento negligenciado para osteoartrite

Milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo sofrem de osteoartrite, mas muitos não aproveitam o tratamento mais eficaz: o exercício. Especialistas destacam que o movimento nutre as articulações e reduz a dor mais do que a cirurgia ou medicamentos em muitos casos. Estudos mostram que menos da metade dos pacientes diagnosticados recebe encaminhamentos para programas de atividade física.

A osteoartrite afeta mais de 595 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo e pode atingir mil milhões até 2050, impulsionada por esperanças de vida mais longas, estilos de vida sedentários e taxas crescentes de obesidade. A condição envolve toda a articulação, incluindo cartilagem, fluido, osso, ligamentos, músculos e nervos, e não apenas o desgaste e a lágrima comum do desgaste.

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Patient undergoing personalized gait retraining for knee osteoarthritis in a Stanford lab
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Personalized foot-angle gait retraining reduced medial knee osteoarthritis pain in sham-controlled trial

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In a randomized, sham-controlled trial, adults with mild-to-moderate medial compartment knee osteoarthritis who were retrained to walk with a personalized, small change in foot progression angle reported greater pain improvement after one year than those given sham retraining. The study, conducted at Stanford University and published in The Lancet Rheumatology, also found a smaller MRI-based worsening of a cartilage microstructure measure in the intervention group.

A major review of 217 clinical trials has identified aerobic exercises like walking, cycling and swimming as the most effective for reducing pain and improving function in knee osteoarthritis. The study, published in The BMJ, recommends these activities as the first-line intervention. Other exercises provide benefits but work best alongside aerobics.

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Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder have demonstrated that a single injected drug-delivery system can reverse osteoarthritis in animals within weeks. The team, led by chemical and biological engineer Stephanie Bryant, reported success in early animal experiments. They aim to advance to human trials after further safety testing.

A Decathlon survey with Consumoteca polled 2,017 people and analyzed over 10 million social media posts, finding that 93% of Brazilians want to exercise but only 44% maintain routines. Lack of motivation tops the barriers at 45%, followed by lack of time (39%) and financial issues (31%). Women report higher issues like harassment.

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A one-year course of the drug abatacept can delay the onset of rheumatoid arthritis by up to four years in high-risk individuals. The benefits persisted long after treatment stopped, according to new research from King's College London.

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